[HTML][HTML] Insights into potential pathogenesis and treatment options for immune-checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis

H Ando, K Suzuki, T Yanagihara - Biomedicines, 2021 - mdpi.com
H Ando, K Suzuki, T Yanagihara
Biomedicines, 2021mdpi.com
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4),
programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death-1-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have
become new treatment options for various malignancies. ICIs bind to immune-checkpoint
inhibitory receptors or to the foregoing ligands and block inhibitory signals to release the
brakes on the immune system, thereby enhancing immune anti-tumor responses. On the
other hand, unlike conventional chemotherapies, ICIs can cause specific side effects, called …
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death-1-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have become new treatment options for various malignancies. ICIs bind to immune-checkpoint inhibitory receptors or to the foregoing ligands and block inhibitory signals to release the brakes on the immune system, thereby enhancing immune anti-tumor responses. On the other hand, unlike conventional chemotherapies, ICIs can cause specific side effects, called immune-related adverse events (irAEs). These toxicities may affect various organs, including the lungs. ICI-related pneumonitis (ICI-pneumonitis) is not the most frequent adverse event, but it is serious and can be fatal. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding ICI-pneumonitis, with a focus on potential pathogenesis and treatment.
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