Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) occurs in 2% to 4% of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex
(TSC). Previous reports have noted a variety of histologic appearances in these cancers, but
the full spectrum of morphologic and molecular features has not been fully elucidated. We
encountered 46 renal epithelial neoplasms from 19 TSC patients and analyzed their clinical,
pathologic, and molecular features, enabling separation of these 46 tumors into 3 groups.
The largest subset of tumors (n= 24) had a distinct morphologic, immunologic, and …