Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an area of medical and economic concern. Studies show a substantial and increasing use of healthcare resources by patients with this disease. However, analysis of available data regarding virologic efficacy, impact on outcomes, and cost-effectiveness in chronic HCV infection appear to justify the initial costs for antiviral treatment, considering the future cost savings generated by prevention of liver disease. To further demonstrate cost-effectiveness, enhanced methods for identifying and treating patients are needed. Greater clinician awareness of available guidelines, patient education, close monitoring of antiviral therapy, emphasis on adherence to therapy, and management of adverse effects are recommended to ensure the best possible care for patients and to maximize outcomes.